Indeed, whether by theft or forced transfer, the acquisition of foreign intellectual property has served as a key component of Chinas technological forward march. The Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center produces independent, timely, and accessible analyses of current and longer-term tax issues. The Biden administration should lift, or provide necessary waivers of, federal funding restrictions on universities that demonstrate appropriate academic freedom and institutional safeguards around their CIs, which are no longer directly funded by the Chinese government. Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. West joined Brookings in 2008. To be sure, Beijings reliance on imported technologies goes well beyond foreign-designed semiconductors. To some extent, they werent entirely wrong. Beijing has also leveraged overseas technology and knowledgein conjunction with supporting reformsto bolster its own innovation capabilities and adapt them to fit within the Chinese model. China is both Americas foremost competitor on the world stage and a potential contributor to addressing global challenges that the United States and its partners are not able to manage effectively without Chinas involvement. Each year they provide a transparent annual report regarding finances and funding. In 2006, the Brookings-Tsinghua Center (BTC) for Public Policy was established in Beijing, China, as a partnership between Brookings Institution in Washington, DC and Tsinghua University's School of Public Policy and Management in Beijing, China. What is the range of Americas policy options given its own interests in the region in terms of both economic and security strategy and where can it improve on current policy choices? Huaweis website posted a story entitled Brookings Institution releases report ranking global cities on public safety innovation at Huawei Asia Pacific Innovation Day 2017, featuring a photo of West speaking. In May 2018, the Pentagon recommended stores on U.S. military bases stop selling phones from Huawei as well as the Chinese tech giant ZTE because they may pose an unacceptable risk, according to a Pentagon spokesman. Other planning documents of the Xi-era, such as the 2015 Innovation-Driven Development Strategy (IDDS), describe the capability to innovate technologically as a source of national strength and links this concept to the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. According to a 2020 report from SOS International, IBM initially helped to advance the smart city concept in China. This rebranding is unlikely to relieve suspicions about the role of CIs in Chinas soft power projection. West didnt respond to multiple requests for comment. Tomorrows tech policy conversations today. But China shows what real authoritarianism looks like. The Center is a unique institution dedicated to helping advance China's legal reforms, improving U.S.-China relations, and increasing understanding of China in the United States. He was China Director at the National Security Council from 2013 to 2017 and served in the U.S. embassy in . What if any historical lessons can be drawn from past instances of great power competition and applied to the modern conduct of U.S.-China relations? "We have to wake this country up to what China is doing," Sen. Mark Warner, Va.-D, said at the Brookings Institution last month. Even critics concede the CI program has provided valuable learning experiences otherwise unavailable due to budget constraints and the lack of Mandarin teachers at universities and public schools across the nation. It should also increase Mandarin language and China studies funding under other critical language programs, and re-authorize the Fulbright program with China, including language awards, that were terminated in July 2020. According to Open Secrets, Brookings has donated 96% or $824,259 to Democratic candidates and causes since 1990. In particular, how do politics, economics, security dynamics, as well as regional and geo-political considerations intersect in defining Chinas relationship with the region and its strategy toward it? How can the United States advance AI research and development to maintain and sharpen its edge in key areas, from chip design and fabrication to deep learning architectures to human-machine teaming? Government backing and incentives for research have enhanced Chinas innovation potential. Our group seeks to explore the following questions: Our broader work will include research on the strategic and military significance of Chinese incorporation of Taiwan into its territory as well as work on integrated deterrence and on forecasting war outcomes over Taiwan. The program aims to build the research and analytical skills of NGO leaders and academics who have substantial experience and ties to developing countries. Can the U.S. and China work together to make progress on new uses of technology to fight these challenges. Rather than copying capitalist systems like that of the United States, the Chinese government has sought to create a system that, through various formal and informal channels, promotes connectivity between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and nominally private Chinese enterprises. The Biden administration has the opportunity to reassess the concerns, evidence and U.S. actions taken with respect to the remaining Confucius Institutes and Classrooms. What are the key dynamics and salient issues at play in Chinas relationship with the region? Yet the U.S. is facing a critical shortage of Mandarin-speaking China experts. The ones that are likely to have the greatest effect on rebalancing China's economy fall into four areas: (1) the household registration system (hukou); (2) inter-governmental fiscal reform: (3). With respect to a frequently voiced concern that CI agreements often stipulate applicability of both U.S. and Chinese law, it reproduced a common provision also contained in the Hanban template CI agreement that Chinese personnel working at CIs must comply with U.S. law, while Chinese law would apply to Americans involved in China-based CI activities. In all of these cases, moving forward will involve bringing in ministries across the central governments and state-level officials in both countries. Brookings Institution is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization funded through donations. Ensuring a good environment for development is in the interest of both super-powers because a world of poverty and slow growth is likely to be full of conflict. [2] This project is a 135MW gas to power plant by Sinohydro (a brand of Power Construction Corporation of China) and Supreme Trading. It should disaggregate legitimate national security concerns, including Chinese espionage and technology theft, from academic freedom issues that are best left to our universities. The verdict likely will need to be viewed on a case-by-case basis. In comparison, as of 2018, only one-fifth of the U.S. population had ever used mobile payments. The subsequent closure of CIs at two universities attracted congressional scrutiny and prompted a series of dueling reports. About the Tax Policy Center. The relationship is tilted toward long-term systemic rivalry, but it is not an exclusively rivalrous relationship. Technology is a huge component of this rivalry, particularly as both China and the United States push to set the standards in key emerging technology fields like 5G, quantum computing, and more. Where do Indian perceptions and approaches toward China converge with those of the United States and where do they diverge? According to a 2018 article from the Ministry of Education, China relies on imports for 35 key technologies that it is unable to produce domestically in sufficient quality or quantity. Second, the group will focus on Americas policy choices in response to Chinas economic investments and security relationships in these regions: what is current U.S. policy, what is America doing right, and where can it improve? The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command believes it plausible that China could attempt a forced reunification with Taiwan by the latter years of the 2020s; whatever Beijings actual plans, Taiwan politics interject an additional element into the strategic equation, beyond the ability of either Washington or Beijing to control. Implementation of the U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, issued at the Glasgow Conference of the Parties in November 2021, focuses on the degree to which the United States and China will cooperate on climate issues. While a 2019 Senate subcommittee report described CIs as being controlled, funded, and mostly staffed by the Chinese government, they have operated as U.S.-Chinese joint ventures, jointly funded and managed. What role has the U.S. relationship with the region in turn played in affecting Chinas influence and strategy? In 2014, the scholars John Delury and Orville Schell opined that the Chinese party-state had continued to shock the world with its ability to change course and prevail, despite its rigidities and constraints. All views expressed only represent the personal opinions of the author. China is now without doubt the worlds number two military power. Deterring a cross-Strait conflict: Beijings assessment of evolving US strategy. ), Between July 2016 and June 2018, Huawei gave at least $300,000 to Brookings, via FutureWei Technologies, Inc., a U.S.-based subsidiary of the company, according to Brookings' annual reports. Large government-sponsored initiatives like the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) launched in 1997, the National High-Tech R&D Program (863 Program) established in 1986, and others have helped to funnel finances and resources to Chinese scientists and entrepreneurs and streamline the innovation process. Our records indicate this scholar adhered to these policies regarding reimbursement and disclosure.) West attended Huaweis fourth annual European Innovation Day in Paris in 2016, where he shared his thoughts on how wireless technology is reshaping our lives, according to a Huawei press release. The Brookings Doha Center, an arm of the think tank in Qatar's capital that focuses on Middle East issues, is funded largely by the Qatari government, which has pledged $21.6 million to . Other military contingencies involving China, for example those in the so-called gray zone, are worrisome too, ranging from the South China Sea to the East China Sea. What actions can the United States take to allow for China and other developing countries to have greater say in these institutions? However, the overwhelming desire of the leaders in both nations to work together to counter American dominance has brought them increasingly closer together in recent years. Chinese firms have also successfully marketed the Chinese version of smart cities to countries around the world, many of which share similar, non-liberal governance structures. AAUP recommended that universities cease involvement with CIs, which it characterized as as an arm of the Chinese state, unless their agreements are transparent to the university community, afford them control over all academic matters and grant CI teachers the same rights enjoyed by other faculty. A 2019 report from Chinas National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) even attempts to differentiate Chinese smart cities from foreign ones; the latter focus on the management of things, while the Chinese version focuses on people. What are the set of core U.S. national interests that should result in strategic and well-resourced Indo-Pacific initiatives? What role can China play in restructuring debts and ensuring their sustainability? Isaac Stone Fish: Why are U.S. companies working for a Chinese firm thats implicated in ethnic cleansing? This working group will seek to address the following questions: What policy actions or strategy can and should the U.S. take to position itself as the partner of choice as China increases its activities in South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa? Chinas smart cities market is estimated to be worth more than $1 trillion, and three Chinese entities dominate smart city patents. As Beijing has grown more powerful over the last several years, it has grown more effective in influencing the debate in America about China, often in subtle ways. How have China and Russia developed their deep partnership, and what are the main areas in which the two countries cooperate? The Institution's founder, philanthropist Robert S. Brookings (1850-1932), originally created three organizations: the Institute for Government Research, the Institute of Economics (with funds from the Carnegie Corporation ), and the Robert Brookings Graduate School affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis. Even before Xi, the Medium- to Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development (MLP), released in 2006, states that building an innovation-oriented country is a major strategic choice for Chinas future development. How can we define Chinas economic and security influence and role in the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa? China has been the worlds largest builder of renewable energy capacity for years now and certainly has lessons learned on how to integrate variable renewables into the larger grid. Furthermore, in August 2021, the U.S. Senate passed major bi-partisan legislation for American competitiveness against rising China, which included $10 billion in funding to establish regional. Now, Chinese smart cities make use of an integrated system of physical, information, social, and commercial infrastructure to allow a given city to monitor its citizens and report back through a vast connected network. In what ways do Chinas relations with India create opportunities and challenges for the United States? Nonetheless, official U.S. pressure to close CIs and their K-12 programs, including by withholding federal funds for universities that host CIs, is further exacerbating a national language deficit precipitated in part by decreased U.S. government higher education and foreign language funding over the years. Yet, there are investments, trade relationships, and markets that countries on the receiving end of Chinas infrastructure investments seek from the United States that are qualitatively different from what China offers. China aspires to global technology leadership. These entities include Huawei, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the State Grid Corporation, which holds the number one spot. The Indo-Pacific is the worlds most dynamic economic region and is home to several mature democracies with advanced technological capabilities which are long-time allies or close partners of the United States. Brookings Institution Puts President on Leave Amid Lobbying Inquiry. In addition, some universities still have difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, especially at the K-12 level, to satisfy remaining demand. Technology is perhaps the most intense realm of competition between the United States and China today, and artificial intelligence (AI) is central to that contest. At the same time, Beijing also will want to preserve some headroom for further escalation should future circumstances require. In contrast, a 2018 joint Hoover Institute-Asia Society study of Chinese influence activities in the U.S., which acknowledged concerns that campus-based CIs might potentially infringe on academic freedomand made similar recommendations to reduce potential risksfound no actual interference by CIs in mainstream Chinese studies curricula on U.S. campuses and that most CIs operate without controversy. What is the proper balance between working to create external incentives and disincentives that move China in Americas preferred directions, and dealing directly with China to influence how they define and pursue their interests? What steps can be taken to prevent escalation to general war or nuclear war if a U.S.-China conflict over Taiwan begins? Broadly, can the U.S. and China find a way to cooperate on energy and climate issues amidst their strained relationship? How are Chinas relations with other great powers creating opportunities and challenges for Beijing as it pursues its foreign policy objectives vis--vis the United States, and what will this mean for U.S. relations with the great powers? But the Indo-Pacific is also bedeviled by security challenges: rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, North Koreas intensified nuclear and missile programs, and the military coup in Myanmar. The exact arrangements vary. As developing Asia continues to make strides with an outward looking economic model, the vast majority of the worlds middle class is expected to live in this region. China's smart cities market is estimated to be worth more than $1 trillion, and three Chinese entities dominate smart city. Visa issues for visiting teachers have prompted suspensions and contributed to cancellation of some CI programs. Methane is a short-lived, but very potent greenhouse gas. MOE replaced Hanban with a new agency to manage overseas language and culture exchanges, the Center for Language Education and Cooperation (CLEC). Highlight the major dimensions of Chinese influence within key global (and powerful regional) frameworks and institutions, and their strategies for achieving it; and parse the distinction between those areas where increased Chinese influence is injurious to U.S. interests and Western values, those where it is not consequential, and those where it is constructive; Examine Chinas strategies in those global fora that are seeking to develop frameworks for the global governance of under-regulated domains, especially technology (in conversation with the working group on tech) and space; Propose U.S. and Western strategies for response. Western technology firms have observed Chinas digital payments success and are trying to play catch-up, but no one has been able to replicate the wide variety of services offered by Chinas most important super app. Survey data from 2019 found that 95% of Chinese online consumers had used mobile payments at least once in a three-month period, and the average user made four transactions per day. These include: What approach can the U.S. pursue across strategic domains to integrate economic, military, and diplomatic measures to avoid conflict with China? What measures can Washington adopt to ensure that United States and allies remain one to two generations ahead in semiconductor manufacturing and other high-end hardware?